Jellyfish stings

Background

Most jellyfish in Irish waters are non-toxic. Recently - Portuguese Man-of War appeared
Venom stored in nematocysts (cellular capsules called) on tentacles
Nematocysts fire tiny harpoon with thread of venom
Nematocysts fire even after jellyfish dead (on a beach)
Lions Mane is (or Man-of-War) the most venomous jellyfish in Irish waters:
- Mostly northern Irish sea
- Up to 80cm in diameter
- Toxin may be very painful

Protect yourself
Remove the victim from the water
Remove any attached tentacles with a gloved hand, stick or towel
Do NOT rub the affected area (releases more venom)
Rinse the affected area with vinegar (or sea water - not fresh water)
Apply heat (water or a heat pack) max 45°c
Xylocaine spray (4% or 2.5%) eases symptoms and reduced further toxin release from nemocysts
Do not use other washes (urine, alcohol) as these can worsen toxin release
All with airway, constitutional or eye symptoms should attend an emergency department
Detailed slit lamp exam is required in eye injuries
Later relief may be gained from hot water (denatures remaining venom)