Background
6% of new-onset seizures and up to 9% of status epilepticus cases are due to drug toxicity.
Illicit drugs
Prescribed medications
Antidepressants:
- Especially when used at higher doses
- Amitriptyline, imipramine
- Maprotiline, bupropion
Antipsychotics:
- Clozapine
- Haloperidol
- Loxapine
- Chlorpromazine
Others:
- Diphenhydramine
- Tramadol
- Theophylline
- Lignocaine
- Most GAs, including enflurane, etomidate, ketamine
- High doses of IV penicillin (particularly renal patients)
- Imipenem
- Cephalosporins (high doses or renal patients)
- Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Intrathecal MTX & cytarabine
- Interferon-α therapy (for viral hepatitis)
- Mexiletine, tocainide, procainamide, timolol, metoprolol, amiodarone, verapamil, sotalol, digoxin, disopyramide
- Meperidine